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There is a wide range of different biological, chemical and physical factors which have an impact on the growth and development of trees in the UK. This can range from grazing by large mammals such as deer and domestic livestock, to insect pests, and bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens. The effects of these factors can range from changed growth rates and tree shape (or form) to reduced timber quality or in some cases death of the whole tree. Impacts from any given factor are likely to vary depending on the local site conditions, tree species and age.
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