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Douglas fir plays a particular role in the production of quality timber and is also important for other multipurpose forestry uses. Due to the extent of its natural range in Pacific north-west America, a range of material from natural populations and tree improvement programmes has been evaluated in field trials...

This Bulletin describes a technique for measuring deer abundance in woodlands. The technique is a variation of the faecal accumulation rate method and was developed and refined using data from more than ten years of monitoring and research by Strath Caulaidh Ltd. In justifying their choice of each element of...

The Bulletin summarises seed origin research in Sitka spruce over a period of 70 years. It provides a background to the ecology of the species, its introduction to Britain and the development and refinement of seed origin evaluation techniques. Phenological variation, particularly in relation to the potential for frost damage...

Alders play a vitally important role in Europe. Their diversity of characters not only enables them to establish as pioneers but in many cases also allows them to play a significant part in climax forests and make a major contribution to the ecology and stability of river banks. All four...

It is now widely accepted that mankind’s activities are having a discernible effect on the global climate, and these changes will impact upon the functioning of many of the planet’s natural systems. Climate change will have a variety of direct and indirect effects on forests and, thus, will have implications...

Ecological Site Classification (ESC) will help forest managers to select tree species, and to make related decisions based on an appreciation of the ecological potential of sites. The classification focuses on the key factors of site that influence tree growth, and that are important to the rest of the ecosystem....

This Bulletin provides information on the ecological value and management of rides, roadsides and edge habitats. Part One describes the ecology of edges and open areas. It looks at their value in both semi-natural and plantation woodland, and discusses the influences of light and microclimate, vegetation succession and wildlife. Part...

The main aim of this Bulletin is to provide practical advice about the establishment and management of a range of agroforestry practices derived from a decade of research in the United Kingdom (UK). In addition, the Bulletin describes the interactions of trees with crops and livestock, the environmental, social and...

This Bulletin gives guidance about choosing plants for the establishment of different types of woodland in Britain. Recent research has identified the best practices for handling and planting trees to ensure high rates of survival and good growth following planting. Recommendations cover the range of activities from plant supply through...

As Britain’s new conifer forests have matured there has been increasing interest in the use of natural regeneration for restocking after felling. While achieving successful natural regeneration can reduce costs and provide environmental benefits the uncertainties associated with its use can make it difficult for forest managers to decide when...

This Bulletin describes how foresters can use cultivation to provide a favourable site for tree survival and growth. A guiding principle is to work within the limitations of the site and to appreciate the effects of cultivation upon the microsite and the wider forest environment. The wide range of cultivation...

The main aim of this Bulletin is to inform forest managers about the ecology of birds of prey in these new conifer forests and to offer practical advice on management techniques that will improve their attractiveness for this important group of birds. While the information and advice given concentrates on...