Forest Development Types

What are Forest Development Types (FDTs)?

A “Forest Development Type” is a long-term vision of how the species composition and structure of a forest stand is intended to develop.

The concept encourages greater use of mixed-species stands and a wider variety of stand structures. It also promotes better use of site adapted species and natural regeneration.

We are currently designing management tools which will help practitioners to use FDTs to diversify their forests and increase resilience. 

What are the benefits of FDTs?

  • They provide a comprehensive view of the potential species, mixtures and stand structures for a site.
  • They provide a framework and common language for managers helping them to describe different forest structures.
  • They challenge current silvicultural practice.
  • They aid long-term planning and management of resilient forests, helping consecutive managers work towards a long-term goal.
  • They promote the trend towards mixed stands and diverse forest structures.
  • They facilitate multi-purpose forest management as economic, environmental and social objectives are all embedded.

How will FDTs be used?

FDTs will be used by policy makers, planners and forest managers aiming to increase the diversity of their forests.

The FDT concept will be described by:

  • A Guide, which explains how the FDT concept works and how it should be applied in different circumstances.
  • A series of ‘Flashcards’ – each FDT has a double-sided information sheet (‘Flashcard’) describing the composition, structure, climatic requirements and management options.
  • Incorporation of FDTs into Ecological Site Classification (ESC DSS) and GIS systems, helping planners and practitioners to make and record decisions. 

European larch with understorey of Norway spruce.

European larch with an understorey of Norway spruce.  Using FDTs this would be FDT 2.4.2 ‘Larch with shade tolerant conifers.’

Project progress

To develop the concept of FDTs for use in Britain, similar systems were studied in Continental Europe. The system being developed defines a number of FDTs, each one describing a target stand structure and composition, and with defined climate and site suitability. The development process has involved consultation and workshops with a range of stakeholders. The Guide, flashcards and GIS application are currently undergoing user-testing.  Once finalised, the FDT system will be released and training courses will be available.  Further updates will be announced on this page.

Funder information

The work is funded by Forestry and Land Scotland, Forestry England and the Science and Innovation Strategy (SIS) for forestry in Great Britain.