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The condition of forests in the United Kingdom is monitored through two projects undertaken by the Forestry Commission. The first, referred to throughout this publication as the long-term monitoring project, was started in 1984. It was developed in response to a growing concern that air pollution might be affecting the...

The silvicultural characteristics of Prunus avium are described, based on a study in which over 40 stands throughout Britain were visited.

Current upland restocking practice was reviewed in Forestry Commission Leaflet 84 Guide to upland restocking practice. Recent research, both in the UK and overseas, has led to a greater understanding of the establishment process, and the intention here is to draw this body of knowledge together as a basis for...

This Bulletin provides the information for specifiers and users to make maximum use of the increasing British resource of softwoods. Its main purpose is to establish the link between requirements for current and potential end-uses and the properties and performance of these commercially important timbers. A guide to the properties...

The aim of this part of the report is to interpret, as far as possible, the results of the 1987 survey of forest health (Bulletin 74) by attempting to establish the cause(s) of the low crown densities and the crown discoloration observed in five of our most important tree species:...

This Bulletin is intended to provide farmers and farm advisers who are planning to enter farm woodland planting and management with the management information required to plan and budget the operation. It seeks to achieve this by providing the facts farmers need to gear up their businesses in terms of...

Natural regeneration can broadly be defined as raising a forest crop without resorting to planting, direct sowing or coppicing. It is the random nature of exactly where young trees spring up on a site and sometimes of the species which grow that marks out natural regeneration, not freedom from man’s...

Rhododendron ponticum is an evergreen shrub which forms dense thickets up to 5 metres in height. The large purple blooms appear in spring and are an attractive sight which has become commonplace especially on forested slopes in the west of the British Isles. Foresters are familiar with it as a...

This Bulletin presents the proceedings of a seminar held at the University of York, 10-12 April 1985, by the Forestry Commission and the Arboricultural Association.

This Bulletin presents the papers which were given at a workshop held at the end of 1984 to bring together a wide range of researchers, within and outwith the Forestry Commission, working on problems presented by the new and sudden occurrence in the late 1970s of large scale and severe...

Beech bark disease is considered to be the most serious disease affecting British beech, although its severity varies geographically and temporally. Early records indicate that the disease was first observed at least 150 years ago, but must certainly have been affecting trees from a much earlier date. The insect and...

The aim of this Bulletin is to summarise the current information available on the interactions between air pollution and forests. While it is primarily concerned with Great Britain, air pollution is an international problem, so information from other countries has been included. Pollution from point sources, such as aluminium smelters...